The intersection of integrated pest management and soil quality in the resistant weed era

Agricultural producers and scientists have long recognized both beneficial detrimental aspects of soil tillage. With the development adoption herbicide-resistant crops, particularly glyphosate-resistant herbicides such as glyphosate replaced need for tillage either before or after crop planting. Thus, has become less important weed management been a primary enabler success majority conservation production systems. Currently, troublesome weeds are continually challenging agricultural decisions throughout world. Conservation hectarage is at constant risk being converted to higher-intensity systems due lack control. The shift facilitates burial seed through use inversion and/or surface facilitate pre-plant incorporated pre-emergence control weeds, especially in non-irrigated production. For example, Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) dominant problem United States row because evolved resistance glyphosate. Inversion was clearly demonstrated be an effective tool helping this weed. However, there no question that most operations promote loss, adversely affect (lower) water quality, negatively impact productivity. Depending on severity infestation, multiple strategies involving integration cultural chemical will needed overcome Utilizing high biomass systems, those used extensively South America introduced States, can help reduce emergence by suppressing germination growth. A dense mat formed when winter cover planted early managed maximum Because growth suppressed physical barrier shading provided residue, more residue increases minimize disturbance (direct seeding minimum tillage) further germination. In addition, allelopathy plays role suppression, but quantifying allelopathic effects applied research rarely accomplished. Creative programs developed meet compliance requirements and, same time, judiciously element resistant species. Similar manage species other regions cropping Further critically few options available ensure economic viability farming while addressing long-term quality concerns. Highlights - Most